Nursuhada Binti Abd Ghafar BM111 4C
Chapter 19 outsourcing in the 21st century
1. In sourcing(in house development) - a common approach using the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain the organization's information technology systems
2. Out sourcing - an arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house
3. On share outsourcing- engaging another company within the same country for services
4. Near share outsourcing - contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country
5. Off share outsourcing - using organization from developing countries to write code and develop systems
6. Big selling point for off share outsourcing "inexpensive good work"
7. Factor driving outsourcing growth include:
- Core competencies
- Financial savings
- Rapid growth
- Industry changes
- The Internet
- Globalization
8. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers "Businesses that outsource are
growing faster,larger, and more profitable than those that do not
9. Most organization outsource their non-core business function, such as payroll and IT
10. Out sourcing benefits include:
- increased quality and efficiency
- reduced operating expenses
- out sourcing non-core processes
- reduced exposure to risk
- economies of scale, expertise, and best practices
- access to advanced technologies
- increased flexibility
- avoid costly outlay of capital funds
- reduced headcount and associated overhead expense
- reduced time to market for products or services
11. Out sourcing challenges include
> Contract length
i) Difficulties in getting out of a contract
ii) Problems in foreseeing future needs
iii) Problems in reforming an internal IT department after the contract is finished
> Competitive edge
> Confidentiality
> Scope definition
Wednesday, 5 March 2014
Nursuhada Binti Abd Ghafar BM111 4C
Chapter 15: creating collaborative partnership
Teams, Partnership, and Alliances
1. Organizations create and use teams, partnerships, and alliances to:
i) Undertake new initiatives
ii) Address both minor and major problems
iii) Capitalize on significant opportunities
2. Organization create teams, partnership, and alliances both internally with employees and externally with other organizations
3. Collaboration system-Support the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information
4. Organization form alliances and partnerships with other organizations based on their core competency
i) Core competency an organization's key strength, a business function that it does better than any of its competitors
ii) Core Competency Strategy organization choose to focus specifically on its core competency and forms partnerships with other organization to handle nonstrategic business processes
5. Information technology can make a business partnership easier to establish and manage
i) Information partnership occur when two or more organization cooperate by integrating their IT systems, thereby providing customers with the best of what each can offer
6. The internet has dramatically increased the ease and availability for IT-enabled organizational alliances and partnerships
Collaboration Systems
1. Collaboration solves specific business tasks such as telecommuting, online meetings, deploying applications, and management
2. Collaboration system an IT-based set of tool that supports the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information.
3. Two categories of collaboration
i) Unstructured collaboration( information collaboration) includes document exchanges, shared whiteboards, discussion forums, and e-mail.
ii) Structure Collaboration(Process Collaboration) involves shared participation in business processes such as workflow in which knowledge is hard coded as rules.
4. Collaboration systems include:
i)Knowledge management systems is involves capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information asset in a way that provides context for effective decisions and action.
ii)Content management systems is supports the capturing and use of an organization's "know-how".
Workflow management systems
iii)Groupware systems
Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
1. Intellectual and knowledge-based assets fall into two categories
i)Explicit knowledge consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of IT.
ii)Tacit knowledge knowledge contained in people's heads
2. The following are two best practices for transferring or recreating tacit knowledge
i)Shadowing is less experienced staff observe more experienced staff to learn how their more experienced counterparts approach their work.
ii)Joint problem solving a novice and expert work together on a project
KM Technologies
>Knowledge management systems include:
>knowledge repositories (databases)
>Expertise tools
>E-learning applications
>Discussion and chat technologies
>search and data mining tools
KM and Social Networking
*Finding out how information flows through an organization
i) Social networking analysis(SNA) a process of mapping a group's contacts(whether personal or professional) to identify who knows whom and who works with whom
ii) SNA provides a clear picture of how employees and divisions work together and can help identify key experts
Content Management
1. Content management systems(CMS) - provides tools to manage the creation, storage, editing, and publication of information in a collaborative environment
2. CMS marketplace includes:
- Document management system (DMS)
- Digital asset management system (DAM)
- Web content management system (WCM)
Working Wikis
-wikis -web-based tools that make it easy for user to add, remove, and change online content
-Business wikis-collaborative web pages that allow users to edit documents, share ideas, or monitor the status of a project
Workflow management systems
- work activities can be performed in series or in parallel that involves people and automated computer systems
- Workflow - defines all the steps or business rules, from beginning to end, required for a business process
-Workflow management system- facilitates the automation and management of business processes and controls the movement of work through the business process
- Messaging-based workflow system- sends work assignments through an e-mail system
-Database-based workflow system- store documents in a central location and automatically asks the team members to access the document when it is their turn ti edit the document
Groupware systems
- Groupware- software that supports team interaction and dynamics including calendaring, scheduling, and
Videoconferencing
- video conference - a set of interactive telecommunication technologies that allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously
- Web conferencing- blends audio, video, and document-sharing technologies to create virtual meeting rooms where people "gather'" at a password- protected web sites
- E-mail is the dominant form of collaboration application, but real=time collaboration tools like instant messaging are creating a new communication dynamic
- Instant messaging - type of communications service that enables someone to create a kind of private chat room with another individual to communicate in real=time over the internet
Chapter 15: creating collaborative partnership
Teams, Partnership, and Alliances
1. Organizations create and use teams, partnerships, and alliances to:
i) Undertake new initiatives
ii) Address both minor and major problems
iii) Capitalize on significant opportunities
2. Organization create teams, partnership, and alliances both internally with employees and externally with other organizations
3. Collaboration system-Support the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information
4. Organization form alliances and partnerships with other organizations based on their core competency
i) Core competency an organization's key strength, a business function that it does better than any of its competitors
ii) Core Competency Strategy organization choose to focus specifically on its core competency and forms partnerships with other organization to handle nonstrategic business processes
5. Information technology can make a business partnership easier to establish and manage
i) Information partnership occur when two or more organization cooperate by integrating their IT systems, thereby providing customers with the best of what each can offer
6. The internet has dramatically increased the ease and availability for IT-enabled organizational alliances and partnerships
Collaboration Systems
1. Collaboration solves specific business tasks such as telecommuting, online meetings, deploying applications, and management
2. Collaboration system an IT-based set of tool that supports the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information.
3. Two categories of collaboration
i) Unstructured collaboration( information collaboration) includes document exchanges, shared whiteboards, discussion forums, and e-mail.
ii) Structure Collaboration(Process Collaboration) involves shared participation in business processes such as workflow in which knowledge is hard coded as rules.
4. Collaboration systems include:
i)Knowledge management systems is involves capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information asset in a way that provides context for effective decisions and action.
ii)Content management systems is supports the capturing and use of an organization's "know-how".
Workflow management systems
iii)Groupware systems
Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
1. Intellectual and knowledge-based assets fall into two categories
i)Explicit knowledge consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of IT.
ii)Tacit knowledge knowledge contained in people's heads
2. The following are two best practices for transferring or recreating tacit knowledge
i)Shadowing is less experienced staff observe more experienced staff to learn how their more experienced counterparts approach their work.
ii)Joint problem solving a novice and expert work together on a project
KM Technologies
>Knowledge management systems include:
>knowledge repositories (databases)
>Expertise tools
>E-learning applications
>Discussion and chat technologies
>search and data mining tools
KM and Social Networking
*Finding out how information flows through an organization
i) Social networking analysis(SNA) a process of mapping a group's contacts(whether personal or professional) to identify who knows whom and who works with whom
ii) SNA provides a clear picture of how employees and divisions work together and can help identify key experts
Content Management
1. Content management systems(CMS) - provides tools to manage the creation, storage, editing, and publication of information in a collaborative environment
2. CMS marketplace includes:
- Document management system (DMS)
- Digital asset management system (DAM)
- Web content management system (WCM)
Working Wikis
-wikis -web-based tools that make it easy for user to add, remove, and change online content
-Business wikis-collaborative web pages that allow users to edit documents, share ideas, or monitor the status of a project
Workflow management systems
- work activities can be performed in series or in parallel that involves people and automated computer systems
- Workflow - defines all the steps or business rules, from beginning to end, required for a business process
-Workflow management system- facilitates the automation and management of business processes and controls the movement of work through the business process
- Messaging-based workflow system- sends work assignments through an e-mail system
-Database-based workflow system- store documents in a central location and automatically asks the team members to access the document when it is their turn ti edit the document
Groupware systems
- Groupware- software that supports team interaction and dynamics including calendaring, scheduling, and
Videoconferencing
- video conference - a set of interactive telecommunication technologies that allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously
- Web conferencing- blends audio, video, and document-sharing technologies to create virtual meeting rooms where people "gather'" at a password- protected web sites
- E-mail is the dominant form of collaboration application, but real=time collaboration tools like instant messaging are creating a new communication dynamic
- Instant messaging - type of communications service that enables someone to create a kind of private chat room with another individual to communicate in real=time over the internet
Tuesday, 4 March 2014
Nursuhada Bt Abd Ghafar. 4 C BM 111.
Chapter 14 E-Business.
*The Internet is a powerful channel that presents new opportunities for an organization to:
- Touch customers
- Enrich products and services with information
- Reduce costs
*How do e-commerce and e-business differ?.
- E-commerce- the buying and selling of good and service over the internet
- E-business - the conducting of business on the internet including, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners.
>Industries using E-business
E-Business Models.
E-business - an approach to conducting electronic business on the internet.
Business-to-Business(B2B).
*Common B2C e-business models include:
*Electronic marketplace (e-marketplace) - interactive business communities providing a central market where multiple buyers and sellers can engage in e-business activities.
Business-to-Consumer(B2C).
* e-shop - aversion of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour of the day without leaving their home or office.
* e-mall- consist of a number of e-shop; it serves as a gateway through which a visitor can access other e-shop.
* Business types:
-Brick-and-mortar business
-Pure-play business
-Click-and-mortar business
* Consumer-to-Business(C2B)
- Priceline.com is an example of a C2B e-business model.
- The demand for C2B e-business will increa over the next few years due to customer's desire for greater convenience and lower prices.
* Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C).
- Online auction
- Electronic auction (e-auction)- Sellers and buyers solicit consecutive bids from each other and prices are determined dynamically.
- Forward auction - Seller use as a selling channel to many buyers and the highest bid wins.
- Reverse auction - Buyers use to purchase a product or service, selecting the seller with the lowest bid
- C2C communities include:
> Communities of interest - People interact with each other on specific topics, such as golfing and stamp collecting.
> Communities of relation - People come together to share certain life experiences, such as cancer patients, senior citizens, and car enthusiasts.
> Communities of fantasy - People participate in imaginary environments, such as fantasy football teams and playing one-on-one with Michael Jordan.
E-Business > Benefits and < Challenges include:
> highly accessible
> increased customer loyalty
> improved information content
> increased convenience
> increased global reach
> Decreased cost
< Protecting consumers
< Leveraging existing systems
< Increasing liability
< Providing security
< Adhering to taxation rules
There are numerous advantages and limitations in e-business revenue models including:
-Transaction fees
- License fees
- Subscription fees
- Value-added fees
- Advertising fees.
Mashups
- Web mashup- a web site or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service
* Application programming interface(API)
A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications
* Mashup editor
WSYIWYGs (what you see is what you get) for mashups.
Chapter 14 E-Business.
*The Internet is a powerful channel that presents new opportunities for an organization to:
- Touch customers
- Enrich products and services with information
- Reduce costs
*How do e-commerce and e-business differ?.
- E-commerce- the buying and selling of good and service over the internet
- E-business - the conducting of business on the internet including, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners.
>Industries using E-business
E-Business Models.
E-business - an approach to conducting electronic business on the internet.
Business-to-Business(B2B).
*Common B2C e-business models include:
*Electronic marketplace (e-marketplace) - interactive business communities providing a central market where multiple buyers and sellers can engage in e-business activities.
Business-to-Consumer(B2C).
* e-shop - aversion of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour of the day without leaving their home or office.
* e-mall- consist of a number of e-shop; it serves as a gateway through which a visitor can access other e-shop.
* Business types:
-Brick-and-mortar business
-Pure-play business
-Click-and-mortar business
* Consumer-to-Business(C2B)
- Priceline.com is an example of a C2B e-business model.
- The demand for C2B e-business will increa over the next few years due to customer's desire for greater convenience and lower prices.
* Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C).
- Online auction
- Electronic auction (e-auction)- Sellers and buyers solicit consecutive bids from each other and prices are determined dynamically.
- Forward auction - Seller use as a selling channel to many buyers and the highest bid wins.
- Reverse auction - Buyers use to purchase a product or service, selecting the seller with the lowest bid
- C2C communities include:
> Communities of interest - People interact with each other on specific topics, such as golfing and stamp collecting.
> Communities of relation - People come together to share certain life experiences, such as cancer patients, senior citizens, and car enthusiasts.
> Communities of fantasy - People participate in imaginary environments, such as fantasy football teams and playing one-on-one with Michael Jordan.
E-Business > Benefits and < Challenges include:
> highly accessible
> increased customer loyalty
> improved information content
> increased convenience
> increased global reach
> Decreased cost
< Protecting consumers
< Leveraging existing systems
< Increasing liability
< Providing security
< Adhering to taxation rules
There are numerous advantages and limitations in e-business revenue models including:
-Transaction fees
- License fees
- Subscription fees
- Value-added fees
- Advertising fees.
Mashups
- Web mashup- a web site or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service
* Application programming interface(API)
A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications
* Mashup editor
WSYIWYGs (what you see is what you get) for mashups.
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